Photography

Photography
Photography is the process of creating still or moving images by recording radiation on a sensitive medium, such as a photographic film, or an electronic sensor. Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects activate a sensitive chemical or electronic sensor during a timed exposure, usually through a photographic lens in a device known as a camera that also stores the resulting information chemically or electronically.

Camera
A camera is a device that records images, either as a still photograph or as moving images known as videos or movies. The term comes from the camera obscura, meaning "dark chamber" in Latin.

Shutter
In photography, a shutter is a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene. Photographic film can be over exposed if the shutter is open for too long. This will result in the film coming out as either a darker image or completely black.

Shutter Speeds And Descriptions

1000th of a second – 8 seconds.

1000th – 250th = Freeze Action
125th – 60th = Hand Held
30th – 1s – 8s = Motion Blur
B = Bulb*

* The bulb setting relies on the photographer opening and closing the shutter manually therefore giving the opportunity to take prolonged exposures.

Aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. In photography this can be measured in increments called ‘F-Stops’ - Focal Stop. The measurement of an f-stop is arrived at from dividing the focal length by the aperture diameter.

• The focal length is the distance from the aperture or lens to the photographic paper/film.

Diagram of decreasing apertures, that is, increasing f-numbers, in one-stop increments; each aperture has half the light gathering area of the previous one. The actual size of the aperture will depend on the focal lengh of the lens.
Source: Wikipedia.

Lens
The lens of a camera captures the light from the subject and brings it to a focus on the film or detector. Most lenses can be adjusted to make it possible to focus on objects from varying distances.

Exposure Control
The size of the aperture and the brightness of the scene control the amount of light that enters the camera during a period of time and the shutter controls the length of time that the light hits the recording surface. Varying aperture sizes and shutter speeds will vary the amount of light that enters the camera. As mentioned before, it is possible to ruin an exposure by allowing too much light into the camera.